Railway-rail.



BIA. HADPIELD. RAILWAY RAIL. APPLiOATION FILED AUG. 27, 1903.

Patented Feb. 2, I909 scription,

practically no effect thereupon,

To all whom it an; concern:

Be it known that 1, ROBERT A. Hnnrmm, a subject of the King of GreatBritain, and resident of Sheffield, county of York, England, haveinvented an Improvement in Railway-Rails, of which the following deinconnection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification, likeletters on the drawings representing like parts.

This invention has for its object a strong, durable and efiicien-t railfor street, steamer electric railroads, possessing long life and greatwear-resisting properties. i

In the course of my experiments]: have discovered that a rail cast as an1ntegral body, and preferably wholly of manganese steel, and thensuitably heat-treated and cooled, will have its wear-resisting qualitiesand its life greatly increased, the expensive step of rolling to shapebeing thereby 0bviated and the cost correspondingly reduced. By castingthe rail, devices for connecting or fishing them together or to points,crossings,

etc. may-be made integral with the rail, so that the connection will bemuch more secure than is now possible.

In practice the rail is cast of Hadfields manganese steel, such steelbeing, when pro erly heat treated, hard, tough, and ig ilywear-resisting, and ractically unmachine'able, t. e. cutting or v oringtools have a grinding operation being the only one practicable.

Figure 1 is a cross-section of a mold for casting a rail inaccordancewith one embodiment of my present invention, and Fig. 2 1sasimilar view showin a modification thereof. Fi 3 is a side e ovation ofone end of the rail showing a portion of softer metal cast in the mainor body' ortion of the rail.

While in the drawing I ave shown a mold for casting astreet railroadrail it will be understood that my invention is not in any way 5realtricted to the particular form or shape of ra v In carrying out myinvention the manganese steel, made in usual manner, is cast in suitablemolds, and the mold may be horizontal, vertical,,or inclined, as may bedesired or found best suited for particular shapes. The fluid manganesesteel is run into the mold from one or both ends thereof, or from theside, as may be most convenient.

In the construction of the molds thay may be made by hand or machine,and if esired Specification of Letters Patent. Application 8185. August27, 1903. Serial N-O. 130,895.

PATENT orsion.

' nonnitr A. HADFIEL'D, or SHEFFlELD, ENGLAND.

1. ltAI'LWAY-BAIL.

Patented Feb. 2, 1909.

the metal can be cast in green sand molds, and. the portions forming thegrooves for wheel flanges may be made of dry or green sand.

If desired those portions of the rail reuiring special smoothness, suchas .ange-groove, could beformed with dnils having the desired shape.

, Reterring to Fig. 1, t e flask F is filled with sand in which the mainortion of the pattern M is formed, and a hill C is introduced in themold, having a rib or 1corepiece c to form the groove, so that thegroove and the tread portion of the rail cast in-sueh mold will besmooth.

A combination of chill and sand is shown in Fig. 2,, the chill C beingnarrower and having a rib or core c to form the groove,- while only aortion of the tread, adjacent the chill, will e influenced thereby, therest of the tread and the main portion of the rail being cast in sand.By this arrangement practically all grinding and fitting of the partsreferred to will be obviated or largely reduced.

It will be obvious that if the mold be horizontal when casting the lowerportion of the rail may be made of ordinary steel, preferably softsteel, and the head or portion of the rail subjected to wear made ofmanganese steel, one kind of steel being poured until the mold is filledto the required depth, and then filled with the other kind of steel.

manganese steel be compounded with'very soft steel, say about 20%carbon. Preferably the casting is first cooled down and then it isplaced in a suitable heating furnace and gradually its temperature israised to about 800 C. It is then heated as quickly as possible. to fromabout 875 to ].050 (1., and I have found a temperature of about 950 C.is best suited to effect by quenching the desired result. The rail whilethus highly heated is quenched as ra )idly as possible in a coolingmedium, prefera 1y water.

The treatment of a compound casting will be slightly changed if theordinary steel thereimmersion in water, if the casting be of manganesesteel throughout, or if desired properties of hardness,

in should for any reason have to contain from 40% carbon, or higher, asin such case quenching would not be admissible. When using such ordinarysteel the compound rail Will be heated to the usual toughenintemperature, about 950 tol020 and a lowed to cool in air, or made tocool quickly in the air by artificial means. By such treatment themanganese steel is toughened, thou l1 not to theextent secured by 'waterquenc ing, and the ordinary steel in the compound rail is not spoiled.

When the rail made in accordance with my invention is to be drilled, ormachined in certain portions, pieces of soft metal, such as cast lIOIlor soft steel, may be cast in the body portion B, Fig. 3, at parts to beso manipulated, as at B Fig. 3.

My invention is not restricted to the precise details herein set forth,nor to any particular shape of rail, as the details may be varied bythose skilled in the art, and the shape or configuration variedaccording to circumstances, Without departing from the spirit and scopeof my invention.

Having described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secureby Letters Patent, is

1. As an article of manufacture a railt'ay rail havin its bod' )ortioncast of homo- 30 geneous unmachineable manganese steel, said rail havingcast therewith portions of suitor metal at points Where it to bemachined.

2'. As a new article of manufacture, manganese steel rail, produced bycasting it in substantially the form in which it to be used; thereuponcooling and then a raising the temperature of the all; then tougheningthe rail by heating it rapidl up to a predetermined temperature, andthen cooling it rapidly.

3. As a new article of manufacture, a .mau-- ganese-steel. rail,produced by casting it in substantially the form in which it is to beused; thereupon cooling and'then gradually raising the temperature ofthe rail; then toughening the rail by heating it rapidly up to apredetermined temperature, and then immersing the rail in a coolingbath.

In testnnony whereof, I have signed my as name to this specification, inthe pres am: oi two subscribing Witnesses.

ROBERT A. Hiilll 'llltlbil. Witnesses:

CHAnLns Anus, Enos Winona, Jr.

